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	Figure-1.1 Overview of Castle Hill, facing northeast, around 1970. (from a photo postcard in the collection of Dave McMahan).
	Figure-10.2 A finely carved bone pipe stem, probably the mouthpiece of a longer Chibouk style stem
	Figure-10.3 Partial Chibouk pipe bowl (97-6832); close-up depicts a stamped circular seal. Drawing by Margan Grover.
	Figure-10.4 A disk-style Chibouk pipe (98-049) from the Castle Hill "workshop area."
	Figure-10.5 (a) J. Cartwright, Costume Plates, London 1822, "an Albanian," (Robinson 1985, Plate 40); (b) cabinet card of a Turkish pipeseller, circa 1870 (collection of Dave McMahan).
	Figure-10-1 A Chibouk pipe bowl (98-113) from the Castle Hill "workshop area."
	Figure-13.1 Examples of faunal elements with butchering marks from the Castle Hill "workshop area."
	Figure-13.2 A copper kettle, spout removed, with codfish head bones. The green staining is from copper salts within the soil matrix.
	Figure-13.3 (a) Sea mammal bone polar bear (#98-1201); (b) ivory bear (#98-1207).
	Figure-11-1 Lead seals from Castle Hill (1 of 4 plates).
	Figure-11-2 Lead seals from Castle Hill (2 of 4 plates).
	Figure-11-3 Lead seals from Castle Hill (3 of 4 plates).
	Figure-11-4 Lead seals from Castle Hill (4 of 4 plates).
	Figure-11-5 Representative fur bale seal from Castle Hill (97-6368).
	Figure-11-6 Drawings of select lead seals from Castle Hill (drawings by Margan Grover).
	Figure-11-7 Photomicrographs of coir (Cocos nucifera) fibers in lead seal channels.
	Figure-11-8 Cloth packer seal (98-130) from Castle Hill.
	Figure-11-9 Schematic drawing of two- and four-part cloth seals, Adapted from a drawing by Nick Griffiths (in Egan 1995:viii).
	Figure-12-1 Russian cannon on top of Castle Hill prior to 1998 renovation.
	Figure-12-10 Trigger guard (a), sling swivel (b), and worm (c).
	Figure-12-11 Sideplate with stamped markings.
	Figure-12-2 Distribution of Castle Hill iron shot by diameter.
	Figure-12-3 Distribution of Castle Hill lead shot by weight and approximate caliber.
	Figure-12-4 Lead sprue from the Castle Hill workshop area.
	Figure-12-5 Distribution and inferred origin of Castle Hill gunflints based on raw material type. .
	Figure-12-6 Figure 12.6. Examples of Castle Hill gunflints. Note that second from the left, bottom, is of French "honey-colored" flint; others are British.
	Figure-12-7 Examples of ramrod ferrules (guides) from the Castle Hill workshop area.
	Figure-12-8 Iron saber blade segment from below the floor of Building 1, workshop area.
	Figure-12-9 Cast lead powder can cap from California Powder Works, Santa Cruz.
	Figure-2.1 An aerial view of Sitka, looking northwest, circa 1945-1955. (Photo Shop Studio, Sitka. Photo postcard in the collection of Dave McMahan)
	Figure-2.2 A view of Castle Hill facing north during 1998 construction.
	Figure-3.1 "View of the Establishment at Norfolk Sound," 1805-06 (from a watercolor by G.H. von Langsdorff) .
	Figure-3.2 A plan of New Archangel, 1805-06. The "commander's bathhouse" (f) is in the vicintiy of 1997-98 archaeological excavations (watercolor by G.H. von Langsdorff, California Digital Library).
	Figure-3.3 "Novo-Arkhangel'sk on Sitkha Island," 1827. (illustration by Friedrich Heinrich Baron von Kittlitz)
	Figure-3.4 1889 Photo of Castle Hill by Winter and Pond. (photo courtesy of Candy Waugaman).
	Figure-3.5 Photo of the burning of the "Castle" in 1894, by an unknown photographer. (from a print in the collection of the Isabel Miller Museum, Sitka).
	Figure-3.6 Photo of Castle Hill, probably circa 1940s or early 1950s, by "the Photo Shop Studio," Sitka (photo courtesy of Candy Waugaman).
	Figure-4.1 Archaeologist Ty Dilliplane examines an artifact with a visitor while Sitka volunteers excavate in the background.
	Figure-5.1 An elaborate tarp system was constructed to protect the site from heavy rainfall during excavation .
	Figure-5.2 Mount Edgecumbe High School provided a large science laboratory for the preliminary sorting, conservation, and analysis of artifacts in Sitka.
	Figure-5.3 Dave McMahan prepares materials for silicone treatment at Texas A&M's Archaeological Preservation Research Laboratory (L). Treated materials included rope and a shoe (R).
	Figure-5.4 The microscopy station at one of four sequential Anchorage laboratories used to process the two tons of Castle Hill artifacts.
	Figure-6.1 Castle Hill excavation plan.
	Figure-6.10 Features inside Building 3, including a hewn wooden floor drain (A)and a possible anvil platform (B) of brick and stone (note iron staining).
	Figure-6.11 Photo of Castle Hill by J.J. Breredon, circa 1890. (from a glass negative in the collection of Dave McMahan).
	Figure-6.12 An albumin print of Castle Hill by Albertstone and Moosbauer, circa 1890. Note the smaller Building in the foreground to the right (collection of Dave McMahan).
	Figure-6.13 Representative stratigraphy of the workshop area (by Margan Grover).
	Figure-6.2 Feature 98-UT-1, dashed line added for clarity.
	Figure-6.3 Feature 98-UT-3, dashed line added for clarity.
	Figure-6.4 Late 18th century triptych panel (Catalog 98-069) from Feature 98-UT-4.
	Figure-6.5 Russian period "trash deposit" associated with the workshop area. Note the shoe sole, articulated fish vertebrae, wood chips, and leather scraps.
	Figure-6.6 Plan view of building footprints in the workshop area.
	Figure-6.7 The lower portion of a metalworkers' forge in Building 2.
	Figure-6.8 The substructure of Building 2 included a large postmold and possible floor joists, typical of the izba-seni-lket ("chain-link") style architecture of 17th and 18th century Siberia.
	Figure-6.9 This brick platform in Building 3 rests upon an organic lens (note woodchips) derived from earlier activities, probably associated with Building 2.
	Figure-7.10 A carved miniature musket from the workshop area.
	Figure-7.11 Miniature cannons from model ships; the top specimen is copper alloy; the bottom is of lead alloy.
	Figure-7.12 This balance "cock" ® from a pocketwatch is identical to an example (L) in a 19th century "Tobias" watch in a Russian silver case (R). Khlebnikov (1994:140) mentioned that some of the metalworkers in Sitka repaired instruments.
	Figure-7.13 A collapsed spruce root "berry basket," in situ in Building 2.
	Figure-7.14 A section of rope (conserved with silicone oil) from the workshop area. (Illustration by Margan Grover).
	Figure-7.15 SEM micrographs: (a) goat wool fiber from the raven's tail robe fragment; (b) cross-section of a "trimmed" human hair, perhaps from grooming in one of the nearby bathhouses. Statistically, ovoid cross-sections are a Caucasion characteristic.
	Figure-7.16 Native Alaskan artifacts: (a-d) slate projectile points; (e-f) obsidian projectile points; (g) wooden arrow foreshaft.
	Figure-7.17 Japanese coins (Kan-ei Tsuho) from the workshop area, Edo Period (1638-1868).
	Figure-7.6 Russian glass bottle seal, dated 1815.
	Figure-8.1 Sample units used in ceramic analyses.
	Figure-8-11 Drilled ceramics.
	Figure-8-12 Modified ceramics: (a-c) ground; (d) unifacially-flaked ceramic tool.
	Figure-8-2 Chinese porcelain: (a-b) Canton porcelain (Ib-UG-01); (c-e) Sino-Islamic porcelain (Ib-UG-03); (f-h) Canton export/trade porcelain (Ib-UG-02). .
	Figure-8-3 Russian porcelain (Ia-UG).
	.Figure-8-4. Refined earthenware: (a-d) edgeware (IIIf-UG-14); (e) figural/toby (IIIf-OG-15); (f) mocha (IIIf-UG-16); (g-i) annular (IIIf-UG-17).
	Figure-8-5 Refined earthenware: (a-f) hand-painted, monochrome (IIIf-UG-18); (g-i) gilded (IIIf-OG-19); (j-k) lustreware (IIIf-OG-20).
	Figure-8-8 Transfer-printed American scenes: (a) "Fair Mount near Philadelphia"; (b) "Lafayette at Franklin's Tomb".
	Figure-9.10 Assorted blue and blue-green wound beads from the Castle Hill collection.
	Figure-9.11 Brass button from a Russian Naval jacket.
	Figure-9.12 Two (of 6) Phoenix buttons from the Castle Hill workshop area.
	Figure-9.13 (a) composite button comprised of a wooden disk wrapped in woolen cloth; (b) wooden disk, probably from a composite button similar to the one on the left.
	Figure-9.14 (a) cast brass belt accoutrement from a Russian naval uniform; (b) hat cockade from a Russian naval enlisted man's uniform.
	Figure-9.15 Copper two-piece clothing fastener.
	Figure-9.2 A Russian style woven wool belt or sash.
	Figure-9.24 Examples of shoes found in situ in the workshop area trash deposit.
	Figure-9.25 "Expanded" view of a Castle Hill shoe, showing a wooden shank resting on the mid-sole (R).
	Figure-9.26 (a) Lower portion of a boot, vamps shown; (b) inner or mid-sole, heel, and counter.
	Figure-9.27 Iron heel plates from the workshop area.
	Figure-9.3 The breast area of a woolen uniform jacket.
	Figure-9.4 Finger area of a woolen mitten from the workshop area.
	Figure-9.5 Collar of a coarse-weave woolen jacket. Buttonhole re-enforcement fibers are believed to be flax on the basis of microscopic examination.
	Figure-9.6 Woolen "ready made" sock from Building 1.
	Figure-9.7 Fragment of a raven's tail robe from the workshop area.
	Figure-9.8 Assorted beads in the Castle Hill collection.
	Figure-9.9 Wound and skunk beads from the Castle Hill collection.

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